The Causes and Consequences of Changes in Virulence following Pathogen Host Shifts
Identifieur interne : 001225 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001224; suivant : 001226The Causes and Consequences of Changes in Virulence following Pathogen Host Shifts
Auteurs : Ben Longdon [Royaume-Uni] ; Jarrod D. Hadfield [Royaume-Uni] ; Jonathan P. Day [Royaume-Uni] ; Sophia C. L. Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; John E. Mcgonigle [Royaume-Uni] ; Rodrigo Cogni [Royaume-Uni, Brésil] ; Chuan Cao [Royaume-Uni] ; Francis M. Jiggins [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS Pathogens [ 1553-7366 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- génétique : Drosophila, Spécificité d'hôte, Virulence.
- pathogénicité : Virus à ARN.
- virologie : Drosophila.
- Animaux, Charge virale, Phylogénie, RT-PCR.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- genetics : Drosophila, Host Specificity, Virulence.
- pathogenicity : RNA Viruses.
- virology : Drosophila.
- Animals, Phylogeny, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Viral Load.
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are often the result of a host shift, where the pathogen originates from a different host species. Virulence—the harm a pathogen does to its host—can be extremely high following a host shift (for example Ebola, HIV, and SARs), while other host shifts may go undetected as they cause few symptoms in the new host. Here we examine how virulence varies across host species by carrying out a large cross infection experiment using 48 species of Drosophilidae and an RNA virus. Host shifts resulted in dramatic variation in virulence, with benign infections in some species and rapid death in others. The change in virulence was highly predictable from the host phylogeny, with hosts clustering together in distinct clades displaying high or low virulence. High levels of virulence are associated with high viral loads, and this may determine the transmission rate of the virus.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004728
PubMed: 25774803
PubMed Central: 4361674
Affiliations:
- Brésil, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Écosse, État de São Paulo
- Cambridge, São Paulo, Édimbourg
- Université d'Édimbourg, Université de Cambridge, Université de São Paulo
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Virulence—the harm a pathogen does to its host—can be extremely high following a host shift (for example Ebola, HIV, and SARs), while other host shifts may go undetected as they cause few symptoms in the new host. Here we examine how virulence varies across host species by carrying out a large cross infection experiment using 48 species of Drosophilidae and an RNA virus. Host shifts resulted in dramatic variation in virulence, with benign infections in some species and rapid death in others. The change in virulence was highly predictable from the host phylogeny, with hosts clustering together in distinct clades displaying high or low virulence. High levels of virulence are associated with high viral loads, and this may determine the transmission rate of the virus.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Ke" uniqKey="Jones K">KE Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patel, Ng" uniqKey="Patel N">NG Patel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Ma" uniqKey="Levy M">MA Levy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Storeygard, A" uniqKey="Storeygard A">A Storeygard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balk, D" uniqKey="Balk D">D Balk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woolhouse, Me" uniqKey="Woolhouse M">ME Woolhouse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haydon, Dt" uniqKey="Haydon D">DT Haydon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antia, R" uniqKey="Antia R">R Antia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leroy, Em" uniqKey="Leroy E">EM 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R" first="Rodrigo" last="Cogni">Rodrigo Cogni</name><name sortKey="Day, Jonathan P" sort="Day, Jonathan P" uniqKey="Day J" first="Jonathan P." last="Day">Jonathan P. Day</name><name sortKey="Hadfield, Jarrod D" sort="Hadfield, Jarrod D" uniqKey="Hadfield J" first="Jarrod D." last="Hadfield">Jarrod D. Hadfield</name><name sortKey="Jiggins, Francis M" sort="Jiggins, Francis M" uniqKey="Jiggins F" first="Francis M." last="Jiggins">Francis M. Jiggins</name><name sortKey="Mcgonigle, John E" sort="Mcgonigle, John E" uniqKey="Mcgonigle J" first="John E." last="Mcgonigle">John E. Mcgonigle</name><name sortKey="Smith, Sophia C L" sort="Smith, Sophia C L" uniqKey="Smith S" first="Sophia C. L." last="Smith">Sophia C. L. Smith</name></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Cogni, Rodrigo" sort="Cogni, Rodrigo" uniqKey="Cogni R" first="Rodrigo" last="Cogni">Rodrigo Cogni</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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